AIDS
was first recognized in the United States in the summer of 1981,
when the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported
the unexplained occurrence of Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly P.
carinii) pneumonia in five previously healthy homosexual men in Los
Angeles and of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) with or without P. jiroveci
pneumonia in 26 previously healthy homosexual men in New York and Los
Angeles. Within months, the disease became recognized in male and female
injection drug users (IDUs) and soon thereafter in recipients of blood
transfusions and in hemophiliacs. As the epidemiologic pattern of the
disease unfolded, it became clear that an infectious agent transmissible
by sexual (homosexual and heterosexual) contact and blood or blood
products was the most likely etiologic cause of the epidemic.
In 1983, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was isolated from a
patient with lymphadenopathy, and by 1984 it was demonstrated clearly to
be the causative agent of AIDS. In 1985, a sensitive enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed, which led to an appreciation
of the scope and evolution of the HIV epidemic at first in the United
States and other developed nations and ultimately among developing
nations throughout the world (see below). The staggering worldwide
evolution of the HIV pandemic has been matched by an explosion of
information in the areas of HIV virology, pathogenesis (both immunologic
and virologic), treatment of HIV disease, treatment and prophylaxis of
the opportunistic diseases associated with HIV infection, prevention of
infection, and vaccine development. The information flow related to HIV
disease is enormous and continues to expand, and it has become almost
impossible for the health care generalist to stay abreast of the
literature. The purpose of this chapter is to present the most current
information available on the scope of the epidemic; on its pathogenesis,
treatment, and prevention;and on prospects for vaccine development.
Above all,the aim is to provide a solid scientific basis and practical
clinical guidelines for a state-of-the-art approach to the HIV-infected
patient.
ONLINE STUDY :-ALL ABOUT AIDS
AIDS POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
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